Basic concepts in clinical immunology: A review

Immunity is the state of protection against foreign pathogens or substances(antigens). Host defence mechanisms consist innate immunity (natural immunity), which mediates initial infections, and adaptive (specific/acquired develops more slowly provides specialized effective infections. The immune system evolved to protect multicellular organisms pathogens. body protected by a variety effector cells molecules that together make up system. All cellular elements blood, including red blood cells, platelets white system, ultimately derive from hematopoietic stem bone marrow. lymphocytes, antigen-presenting eliminate microbes. Strategies avoidance, tolerance represent different ways dealing with Anatomic barriers chemical e.g complement antimicrobial proteins may be considered as primary forms avoidance.Macrophages,neutrophils dendritic are important detect infection. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize simple regular patterns molecular structures called pathogen associated patterns. Some PRR transmembrane Toll like (TLRs). Vaccination simple, safe, way protecting people harmful diseases, before they come into contact them. Immunization process whereby person made resistant an infectious disease, typically administration vaccine. Inappropriate responses can result hypersensitivity, autoimmune disease deficiency.